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The type codes used by us are similar to those shared by a number of diverse theories and approaches such as Socionics, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Keirsey Temperament Sorter, Linda Berens’ Interaction Styles and many others. However, while the acronyms adopted by different theories may be identical or very similar, their meanings do not always overlap – consequently, you should not assume that, for instance, INTj in Socionics is identical to INTJ-A as defined and described by us, or to the INTJ definition on a different website.

To use an analogy, taxis and Formula 1 racers both drive ‘cars’ – but what each of them considers a car can look pretty different depending on where they’re driving. Make sure you review the theoretical model that a specific website relies on before comparing your results. You can find more information about our theoretical approach here.

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We are continuously refining the test questions, trying to make our algorithm more accurate and reliable – consequently, you may be assigned a slightly different personality type if your original scores were very low (<55%). If you are unsure which personality type is truly yours, please see our main theoretical article.

Additionally, don’t underestimate the power of your mood. Taking the test when you are well-rested, feeling good, and full of energy can cause you to answer questions with more “positive” responses than if you’re totally exhausted at the end of a long week. Rather than thinking of the best of times or the worst of times, or just how you’ve behaved this past month, or how you used to behave when you were younger, (or how you would like to behave...) answer the questions considering how you’ve actually responded to situations most often, during the course of your lifetime.

Not at the moment, sorry.

No, test results may only be associated with a unique e-mail address.

Yes – we’ve just launched a beta version of our Teams tool. Please check it out!

If you’re looking for a wider range of team assessments, covering topics such as team culture, problem-solving styles, or motivation, please see MindTrackers – a service also built by us.

No, and we won’t ever do that. Our mission is to understand how our personality traits shape us and our relationships, and to help you use that information for personal growth. You won’t see any external ads on our pages, and your favorite shampoo manufacturer won’t suddenly start sending you “So we heard you are...” letters either.

Not at the moment.

Yes. You can read more about its reliability and validity here and here.

No. The main purpose of our test and type descriptions is to encourage personal development and improve understanding of one’s self and others. We do not believe that someone’s personality type is a reliable indicator of professional success – so neither the test nor articles available on this website should be used for any kind of selection or assessment.

Ethics issues aside, forcing someone to take the test is also very likely to lead to “garbage in, garbage out”, with most participants getting the same 1-2 personality types. Just don’t do that.

Not at the moment, sorry. We suggest using scales and items available at International Personality Item Pool to build your own assessment.

First of all, our site uses the HTTPS protocol (you can verify that by clicking on the padlock in the address bar), which means that all data sent to our server goes through a secure and encrypted channel. Furthermore, we don’t record any of your card details – they are encrypted and sent directly to the payment processor for a single charge.

No, sorry. Most of our readers are from outside the UK, so shipping costs and times would be too high. Furthermore, we love trees. That said, our premium profiles are in PDF format, so you should have no difficulties reading them on your iPad, Kindle or a similar device.

Of course! Please simply drop us a message at support@16personalities.com and we’ll give you a discount code.

Yes – please see the gift codes section. You will need to log in or sign up if you don’t already have an account.

There may be a slight delay between you making a PayPal payment and our server getting a notification from PayPal. If the e-mail doesn’t arrive right away, please wait 5-10 minutes and also check your Spam folder. If there’s still no sign of an e-mail, please contact us and we’ll look into it.

Please bear in mind that if you pay using the eCheque method (a withdrawal from your bank account as opposed to a credit card or the PayPal balance), it may take 3-5 working days for your payment to be processed. You should see the estimated clearing date in the PayPal confirmation e-mail. In that case, the confirmation e-mail will be sent out once the eCheque clears.

Sure! We would suggest using one of the online printing services – they may also be able to bind the pages or make a hardcover version, for example.

Our premium materials are only available in English at the moment, unfortunately. We would love to translate them eventually, but that is a lot of content, and we are a very small company.

As an alternative, you could use a web browser with auto-translation functionality (e.g., Google Chrome) to read premium materials in your preferred language.

First, please try locating the original order confirmation e-mail and then simply using the download link within. If you have lost that e-mail or the link no longer works, please e-mail us at support@16personalities.com and we will send you another copy, provided you purchased the profile less than a year ago. Orders placed more than a year ago may require a top-up fee depending on the order date and the number of updates since then.

Not at the moment, sorry.

If you didn’t find your premium profile(-s) or toolkits useful, you can request a refund by e-mailing us at support@16personalities.com within 30 days of purchase.

You don’t need to request a refund if you’ve lost your premium profile, would like to exchange it, or are looking to upgrade. In such and similar scenarios, please simply drop us an e-mail at support@16personalities.com, and we’ll do our best to help.

Please see our main theoretical article.

Please see this article for more information about our theoretical model.

Extraversion is actually the right way to spell this term. The prefix “extra” has its roots in Latin, and means “outside (of)”. Extroversion is a more popular variant, but it is an incorrect adaptation of its opposite term, introversion. Extraversion is the technically correct spelling, and is the version used most often in scientific literature, so we stick to it.

As is the case with premium profiles, those articles are only available in English right now. We hope to translate them as well at a later date.

If you complete our personality test, you will be able to save your results and create a profile in the results screen – or join later in the Your Profile page. If you already know your personality type and trait scores, you can also create an account here.

There are tons of useful features and resources in our member areas. As a very quick overview, you will be able to get a unique (encrypted) profile link, invite friends and compare your results to theirs, discuss various topics and get advice from other members, complete dozens of surveys and see if your opinions are shared by other people with your personality type, take a number of additional tests, review our studies... And much more.

Seriously, do spend a few seconds and register. It’s free, and you won’t regret it. The initial test and type overviews are just the tip of the iceberg.

Please try the Discussions section in the Community section. It is quite active and you will likely receive an answer to your question very quickly. You can also send someone a private message by visiting their profile.

Of course!

We send an e-mail every 3-4 weeks. Topics range from romantic relationships to dealing with stress, with all information and advice being specific to your personality type.

Yes. Please make sure you are logged in, retake the test, and look for the “Update your profile” button in the results screen. You will not receive an e-mail with your new results though – if you need a copy, you can request it in the Preferences section in your profile.

You can do that in the Preferences section in your profile.

Besides the very extensive Career and Professional Growth section in the premium profile, we also have a number of tools and assessments in our Career toolkit – they can help you explore your career values, leadership styles, job burnout, and more.

Please see the Friends section. It will have an invitation link that you can share with your friends – if they agree to share their results with you after completing the personality test, you will see them in the same section.

Of course, as long as you are linking to a public page (e.g. the personality test). No need to ask for our explicit permission.

Sure, just please make sure to cite us properly – see here or here for guidelines.